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Wednesday, June 15, 2016

Sodium chemical element

Sodium was discovered in 1807 by the British Humphry Davy.
the chemical symbol for sodium is Na and its atomic number is 11.
It is listed in the periodic table of elements in group 1, row 3 and block s.
Sodium belongs to the family or chemical series of alkali metals like: cesium
This element is stable.
The name Sodium comes from the word sod, which is a name of tree that contains alot of Sodium carbonate.


Sodium chemical element


Atomic number (Z) 11
Group, block group 1 (alkali metals), s-block
Period period 3
Element category: alkali metal
Standard atomic weight (±) (Ar): 22.98976928(2)
Electron configuration: [Ne] 3s1
per shell: 2, 8, 1

Physical properties:
Phase: solid
Melting point: 370.944 K ​(97.794 °C, ​208.029 °F)
Boiling point: 1156.090 K ​(882.940 °C, ​1621.292 °F)
Density near r.t: 0.968 g/cm3
when liquid: at m.p.0.927 g/cm3
Critical point: 2573 K, 35 MPa (extrapolated)
Heat of fusion: 2.60 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization: 97.42 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity: 28.230 J/(mol·K)

Atomic properties:
Oxidation states: +1, −1 ​(a strongly basic oxide)
Electronegativity: Pauling scale: 0.93
Ionization energies 1st: 495.8 kJ/mol
2nd: 4562 kJ/mol
3rd: 6910.3 kJ/mol
Atomic radius empirical: 186 pm
Covalent radius: 166±9 pm
Van der Waals radius: 227 pm


Crystal structure: body-centered cubic